French Economy Grows 0.1% in First Quarter Amid Budget Uncertainty

 France’s economy grew by a modest 0.1% in the first quarter of 2025, falling short of analyst expectations of 0.3%, as political instability and budget concerns dampened consumer and business confidence, according to preliminary data from the French statistics agency INSEE. 

The sluggish growth in Europe’s second-largest economy follows a 0.2% expansion in Q4 2024, with household consumption stagnating and business investment declining 0.4%, driven by uncertainty over  2025 budget, which includes €60 billion in spending cuts and tax hikes to reduce the deficit to 5% of GDP.

The budget, presented on October 10, 2024, aims to address France’s 5.5% GDP deficit but has faced resistance, with opposition parties threatening a no-confidence vote. Consumer spending, a key growth driver, was flat, as households saved rather than spent, with the savings ratio holding at 15.8%, per IMF data. Exports, particularly in aerospace and luxury goods, provided slight uplift, growing 0.6%, but imports rose faster, widening the trade deficit to 1.7% of GDP, per INSEE. The Bank of France noted high business uncertainty, especially in industry and construction, at levels unseen since the 2022 energy crisis, per Euronews.

Inflation, at 1.9% in Q1, remained below the European Central Bank’s 2% target, supporting expectations of further rate cuts in 2025, per ECB statements. However, the energy sector faced challenges, with electricity taxes set to rise on February 1, 2025, potentially adding €3 billion in revenue but raising costs for 20% of households on non-regulated tariffs. Nuclear energy reforms, replacing the expiring Arenh system, have sparked industry concerns over pricing. The IMF projects France’s growth to reach 1.3% by year-end, driven by easing financial conditions, but warns of risks from fiscal tightening and geopolitical tensions.

The lack of a finalized 2025 budget, following the collapse of Barnier’s government in December 2024, has heightened economic fragility, with President Emmanuel Macron yet to appoint a new prime minister. Despite these challenges, France’s recovery plan, France 2030, continues to fund green and digital initiatives, with €240 million allocated for high-speed broadband by year-end, per the European Commission. The economy’s trajectory hinges on resolving political uncertainty and restoring confidence to unlock consumption and investment.